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Every aquarium, be it a marine tank or a freshwater aquarium, or a backyard pond, works on a similar principal where the confined environment strives to achieve a chemical balance, essential to sustain the life that they host. In order to maintain that equilibrium, we use different types of filter media in our filters.
No matter the environment, the most important and efficient type of filtration is biological – colonies of beneficial bacteria that break down harmful ammonia (NH3) originating from uneaten food, fish waste, and other decaying matter, into less toxic Nitrites (NO2), and later to Nitrates (NO3), in a process known as the nitrogen cycle.
These bacteria occupy all surfaces in a fish tank – aquarium glass, décor, plants, and, in reef tanks, live rock. The aquarist’s goal is to provide an optimal surface on which the bacteria to grow and the best way to build healthy colonies is the use various types of biological media.
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